A new method for increasing the speed of all-optical Mach-Zehnder Interferometric (MZI) switching with a bulk Semiconductor Optical Ampli er (SOA), using chirped control signals, is suggested and theoretically analyzed. For 125fs input and chirped control pulses, we show acceleration of the gain recovery process using the cross phase modulation (XPM) eect. Our method depicts that Tb/s switching speeds, using bulk SOA-MZI with a proper Q-factor, is feasible. For the rst time, we reach operation capability at 2Tb/s with a Q-factor of more than 10. The new scheme also improves the extinction and amplitude ratio of the output power, as well as increasing the contrast ratio of the switched signal. We use a nite dierence beam propagation method for MZI analysis, taking into account all nonlinear eects of SOA, such as Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD), Kerr eect, Two Photon Absorption (TPA), Carrier Heating (CH) and Spectral Hole Burning (SHB).

Due to the increasing number of cores in a chip, electronic networks on chip cannot be an effective solution for using multi-core processors. The use of optical connection technology for networks on 3D chip is an ideal choice recommended in response to delay and reliability. In optical network architecture on 3D chip, 7-port routers are used to data transfer. The structure of the optical routers in the network on the 3D optical chip affects the Performance transmission of the entire network so that the provision of optical router with minimal loss and power consumption is considered by researchers in this domain. In this study, a seven-port Non-blocking optical router based on the Mach Zehnder interferometer optical switch in the network on a 3-D optical chip is presented. This router consists of 18 Mach Zehnder interferometer optical switches that can transfer multiple wavelengths concurrently. To evaluate the proposed 7-port router in the network on the 3D optical chip, the parameters of insertion loss, bandwidth density and power consumption are considered and the simulation results represent that this router decreases the loss as much as possible and improves the use of the wavelength channel comparing to available router and has the ability to transfer 4 wavelengths simultaneously with a wavelength range of 1525-1565 nm and a data transfer rate of 20Gbps for all 42 optical links. So it is useable for optical connection on the chip.

In this manuscript a compact high speed optical Mach-Zehnder modulator with very low energy consumption based on hybrid plasmonic waveguide is presented. Compared to dielectric waveguide-based structures, large propagation constant of optical modes in hybrid plasmonic waveguides reduces the propagation length required for attaining necessary phase shift for proper operation of Mach-Zehnder interferometer. On the other hand, strong light confinement in hybrid plasmonic waveguide facilitates realization of relatively short bends (with small bend radius) and compact Y-junctions which in turn reduces the overall footprint of modulator. Our simulations show theoretical modulation speed of more than 1 THz and very low energy consumption about 17 fJ/bit. In addition, the modulation depths as high as 25 dB are achievable by applying voltages between+3 V and -3 V, in a push-pull configuration. Apart from electrodes, the overall footprint is about ~120 m m 2 which is, based on our knowledge, very smaller than that of common Mach-Zehnder modulators.

Due to the increasing growth of processing cores in complex computational systems, all the connection converted bottleneck for all systems. With the protection of progressing and constructing complex photonic connection on chip, optical data transmission is the best choice for replacing with electrical interconnection for the reason of gathering connection with a high bandwidth and insertion loss on chip was mentioned. Optical routers play an important role in the Optical Network-on-Chip (ONoC), which are responsible for selecting the path between optical signal source and the destination. In recent years, silicon optical routers based on Micro-Ring Resonators (MRRs) and Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) have been proposed. The design of optical switches is desirable by using of Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This is while that MRR Switches have low bandwidth, whereas Mach-Zehnder interferometer switches have wide bandwidth inherently. Mach-Zehnder interferometer switches are able to routing with high speed for data transmission with Nano second switching time. This is while, that MRR switches in compare to MZIs has the less power consumption and area consumption. On the other hand we can divide optical routers into parts, A. general router and B. specific-router, so that in specific routers, some of I/O paths for the reason of avoiding deadlock had be omitted. In continue, several kinds of optical router based on MZI and MRR along with researching a series of parameters was mentioned.

In this paper a method for digitally recording four quarter-reference-waveholograms (by CCD) in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer setup, and reconstructing the object wave-front by numerical method is presented. The terms of direct transmission, auto-correlation and conjugate wave in the four wave reconstruction are cancelled out and only one original object wave is left after overlapping. Reconstructed digital holograms are obtained by computing the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral. Since the phase distribution of the wave field can be computed from the digital hologram, one can measure micrometric displacements and deformations of the reflecting object as well as small changes in refractive index field of the transmission object. In order to calibrate a specially designed device necessary for phase shifting purpose, we introduce a second Mach-Zehnder interferometer inside the main imaging interferometer. With this second interferometer we can directly observe displacement of a sector of circular interferometric fringes without the presence of the (reflecting or transmitting) object. By simultaneously transferring the images from the second interferometer to the computer and recording the holograms we measure, using image processing, fringe displacement in pixel units. Since the mirror on the phase shifting device is shared between two interferometers, the measured optical path difference is automatically applied in the main interferometer and thus the errors in shifting are substantially reduced.